BackgroundAnaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma (ALCL) is one of the most common subtypes of T-cell lymphoma.Among these, refractory and relapsed (r/r) ALK positive ALCL lacks effective therapies.The chimeric antigen receptor-modified T (CAR-T) cell therapy holds great promise as a therapeutic strategy for this disease.However, it is not known yet whether anti-CD5 CAR-T cells are sufficient for the definitive treatment of relapsed ALK+ sassy spheres candy ALCL, nor the role of accurate laboratory-based diagnoses during CAR-T treatment.
Case presentationThe adolescent patient received autologous T cells containing sequences encoding VH domains specific to CD5.Following the infusion, there was an increase in both the copy number and proportion of CAR-T cells in peripheral blood.IL-6 and ferritin levels in the patient exhibited significant fluctuations, with increases of 13 and 70 folds respectively, compared to baseline after the treatment.Additionally, adverse effects were observed, including grade 4 rash, grade 1 headache, nausea, and neck-pain.
Surprisingly, a relapsed disease phenotype was identified based on the results of PET/CT and histopathological analysis of the inguinal lymph node biopsy.After conducting a thorough diagnostic assessment, which included flow cytometry, next-generation sequencing (NGS), examination of immune-related gene rearrangements, and analysis of the immune repertoire of T-cell receptors (TCR), we conclusively determined that the hyperplastic T cells identified in the lymph node were the result of an expansion of CAR-T cells.Ultimately, the patient has attained complete remission (CR) and has sustained a disease-free survival state for 815 days as of the cutoff date on August 30, 2023.ConclusionTaken together, the results demonstrate that anti-CD5 CAR-T cells can induce a clinical response in r/r ALK+ ALCL patient.
Furthermore, this case underscores the importance of utilizing advanced technologies with high sensitivity and accuracy kt196 torque converter for biological detection in clinical laboratory diagnosis and prognosis in CAR-T cell treatment.Trial registration numberNCT04767308.